Bipolar Disorder is also called manic-depressive illness. Bipolar disorder is much less common than major depression but it's important to understand what it is and what makes it different from major depression. One symptom of bipolar disorder includes cycling mood changes that include extreme highs (mania), extreme lows (depression), and periods of normal functioning (wellness). Sometimes the mood changes in bipolar disorder are fast, dramatic and obvious, like there is a "mood switch" that is being turned on and off. Usually, though, the mood changes in bipolar disorder are much more gradual and less obvious.
In a depressed phase, people with bipolar disorder may have some or most of the symptoms of major depression. When in a manic phase, people with bipolar disorder can be extremely energetic, active, talkative, and irritable. The symptoms of mania include problems with thinking, judgment, and social behavior that can cause serious problems and embarrassment for people with bipolar disorder and the people close to them. People in a manic phase often feel so energized and alert that they feel like they have "special" powers or have been "chosen" for a "special mission." People in a manic phase are often talking all the time about big plans for fame or success, but their plans often only get them into trouble. It is also fairly common for people to get into trouble because of their increased interest in sex and sexual activity, and increased spending habits that can lead to financial problems.
Untreated mania can sometimes worsen to a psychotic state that requires hospitalization. Less severe episodes of mania are described as hypomania. Hypomania is also a serious disorder, but it often goes unrecognized because the symptoms are less debilitating and severe than mania. Someone who is in a hypomanic state may have more energy, need less sleep, and be more talkative compared to usual; others may believe that they're just in a "really good mood" or are "hyperactive."
Bipolar disorder is a chronic disorder. After an initial episode, people with bipolar disorder usually experience alternating periods of mania, depression and wellness for the rest of their lives. There is currently no cure for bipolar disorder. However, it is important to understand that recognizing bipolar disorder and sticking with treatment, even during wellness, can help keep the condition under control and reduce the chance that the episodes will worsen over time.
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Luciana, Bilingual Health Educator
